やしの実通信 by Dr Rieko Hayakawa

太平洋を渡り歩いて35年。島と海を国際政治、開発、海洋法の視点で見ていきます。

欧州へ - The City 小島嶼国誕生の起源

パラオ出張の後、欧州に来ている。

当方の関心は小島嶼国誕生の起源と推測しているThe Cityの存在。

パラオ、その他島嶼国のタックスヘブン、マネロン、海洋保護を隠れ蓑にした信託基金等々越境金融システムの元祖。

ロンドンのThe Cityを理解できずに、島嶼国は理解できない、ハズなのだ。

下記は、まだメモ。

f:id:yashinominews:20220201155216j:plain

愚夫の友人、オックスフォード大学教授宅でお世話になっているが、色々興味深い話が聞ける。

イギリスの国土の3分の一は未だ貴族が所有しているのだそうだ。その筆頭がDuke of Westminster!

オックスフォードにも多くの所有地があるという。。

 

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ガーディアンでこのMonbiot氏がThe City批判を結構展開しているようだ。

 

To us, it's an obscure shift of tax law. To the City, it's the heist of the century

George Monbiot

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/07/tax-city-heist-of-century

 

The medieval, unaccountable Corporation of London is ripe for protest

George Monbiot, 7 February 2011

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/31/corporation-london-city-medieval#comments

 

 

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やっぱりTax Havenは起源は The City とわかる文章である。

 

History of tax havens

Ronen Palan | 01 October 2009

http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/history-of-tax-havens

 

 

The Rise and Rise of Britain's tax haven empire

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2010

http://taxjustice.blogspot.co.uk/2010/09/rise-and-rise-of-britains-tax-haven.html

 

 

Sagar, Paul, John Christensen, and Nick Shaxson. 2013. “British Government Attitudes to British Tax Havens: An Examination of Whitehall Responses to the Growth of Tax Havens in British Dependent Territories from 1967–75”. In Tax Justice and the Political Economy of Global Capitalism, 1945 to the Present, edited by Jeremy Leaman and Attiya Waris, 1st ed., 107–32. Berghahn Books. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qcw44.9.

 

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下記はThe Cityのウェッブにある、その歴史と意味。

http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/about-the-city/about-us/Pages/freedom-of-the-city.aspx

 

Freedom of the City

 

One of the oldest surviving traditional ceremonies still in existence today, is believed to have been first presented in 1237.

 

History and origins

 

The medieval term ‘freeman’ meant someone who was not the property of a feudal lord but enjoyed privileges such as the right to earn money and own land. Town dwellers who were protected by the charter of their town or city were often free – hence the term ‘freedom of the City.

 

From the Middle Ages and the Victorian era, the Freedom was the right to trade, enabling members of a Guild or Livery to carry out their trade or craft in the Square Mile.

 

A fee or fine would be charged and in return the Livery Companies would ensure that the goods and services provided would be of the highest possible standards. In 1835, the Freedom was widened to incorporate not just members of Livery Companies but also people living or working in the City or those with a strong London connection.

 

Modern Freedom

 

Today most of the practical reasons for obtaining the Freedom of the City have disappeared. It nevertheless remains as a unique part of London’s history to which many people who have lived or worked in the City have been proud to be admitted.

 

Prior to 1996, the Freedom was only open to British or Commonwealth Citizens. Now, however, it has been extended globally and persons of any nationality may be admitted either through nomination or by being presented by a Livery Company. There is a long standing tradition of admitting women.

 

The City of London is keen to maintain the Freedom as a living tradition. The Freedom is open to all who are genuinely interested and invited or born to it. The City Freemen are a very broad cross-section of the population​.

 

The Freedom in the City today is still closely associated with membership of the City Livery Companies.

 

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英国発祥のナショナルトラスト、PEWやCI, NTCが展開する信託基金付き海洋保護区という金融商品について、下記のペーパーを見つけた。

 

ナショナル・トラストその他の環境保全団体等への

寄付に係る優遇税制の設計

浅妻章如

http://www.rikkyo.ac.jp/law/output/rituhou/81/03.pdf