やしの実通信 by Dr Rieko Hayakawa

太平洋を渡り歩いて35年。島と海を国際政治、開発、海洋法の視点で見ていきます。

Origins of Development and Int'l Cooperation

1月に書いたメモ。博論の一部。

開発の起源を国際連盟規約22条に求めたもの。そして矢内原著『帝国主義研究』で指摘されていた批判を加えた。矢内原のベルサイユ会議の批判ももっと入れこみたいし、もう少し書き加える必要があるので、Not For Citation

This is only memo. Not For Citation

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The study of Economic Development emerged after the Second World War. The European Recovery Program, so called the Marshall Plan in which the United States supported the European countries after the Second World War (1947 to 1949) is one of origins of international cooperation. However, this assistance scheme was undertaken by so-called “developed” countries of Europe and the United States. Yet the possible origin of development between “developed countries” and “developing countries” or “colonial countries” and “colonized countries”, could be read much earlier in the Covenant of the League of Nations as the result of Versailles Peace conference where Woodrow Wilson introduced “Self Determination” for former colonial territories.

“To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilisation and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant.

The Covenant of the League of Nations, ARTICLE 22.

This article tells us a lot about the origin of “development”. For example, the statement such as “peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world,” shows that colonial countries saw the peoples of colonized territory as not being capable of standing by themselves under modern, which meant colonial countries values of the world. Furthermore, this article claimed that development for the people of colonial territories should “form a sacred trust of civilization”. Here again we can see a unilateral perception namely “civilization” from colonial countries to colonized countries. Yanaihara described this arrangement as “rational exploitation” from “irrational exploitation” under the colonial administration. (Yanaihara, 1948)

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