FFAからのニュースで今年もKURUKURU*の季節が来た事を知った。
(* KURUKURUはソロモン諸島で鳩の意味。下記参照）
http://www.solomontimes.com/news/what-is-the-kurukuru/2487
Forum Fisheries Agency．ソロモン諸島にある漁業資源管理を目的とした地域機関である。
フォーラム、とついているように、1977年South Pacific Forum(現PIF)のPNGの会議で、UNCLOSのadaptationと共にその設置が協議された事に始まる。翌年の1978年、ニウエにおけるSPF会議で設置が決定。1979年にソロモン諸島に設置された。
７０年代後半UNCLOSIIIの議論の中で小さな島国が広大なEEZを確保できるかどうか、という議論がされていた重要な時期である。
メンバー国もフォーラムとほぼ同じで豪州、NZが入っている。しばらく組織の長は暗黙の了解として豪州NZが交代で勤めていたが、島からの批判もあり、最近は島出身者が長でナンバーツーがオーストラリア人、といった形のようだ。
さて、このFFAの行う漁業管理。KURUKURUをはじめとする、Regional Surveillance Operationsが一つの目玉。
現在下記の５つのRegional Surveillance Operationsが実施されている。これを実質主導しているのが豪州海軍 − Royal Australian Nevy.
そしてこれを支える国際協力体制が豪NZ仏米のクアドの枠組み。（米は沿岸警備隊）
Operation Kurukuru,
Operation Bigeye,
Operation Island Chief,
Operation Rai Balang
Operation Tui Moana.
Operation Kurukuru,が先週17日まで10日間に渡って開催されたとのFFAからのメディアリリースである。
実施中 1042の船を確認。 （怪しい？）111に乗船。 そのうち１隻が違法船で、後はまだ調査中、とのこと。太平洋、全くの無法地帯なのだ。越境犯罪、いくらでもしてください、みたいな状態。
期待できそうなのは、豪州のPPBPが継続され、米国の予算は気になるものの太平洋への回帰を声高々に示している事。日本は？日本財団と笹川平和財団が進める「ミクロネシア海上保安事業」しか今のところない。だから米国海軍も米国沿岸警備隊も、最近は日本外務省も、高く評価しているのだ。
フランスの動きはどうか？仏領のニューカレドニアとタヒチに小規模ながら軍隊を置いている。
また、世界にちらばる仏領の島々は同国のEEZの97％近くを形成している。
http://blog.canpan.info/yashinomi/archive/280
フランス軍の興味深い資料もあったのでこれもサイトだけペーストしておく。
http://www.pecc.org/resources/doc_download/1918-maritime-surveillance-naval-and-air-surveillance
- - - - - - -
FFA MEDIA RELEASE
Embargoed until Friday 18th October 2013, 8pm.
National participation key to success of fisheries surveillance operation: Kurukuru 2013 ends
FFA HQ, Honiara, SOLOMON ISLANDS, Friday 18th October 2013 – National surveillance efforts remain the key to the success of the region’s largest annual sweep of fishing vessels in Pacific waters. That’s been the major finding of Operation Kurukuru 2013, which this evening completed its tenth and final day since its launch on October 8th.
Operation Kurukuru 2013 resulted in a record 1042 vessels being sighted, 111 boardings, and one infringement so far, while others are pending ongoing investigation.
12 national Pacific class Patrol Boats, five military aircraft, and the 17 member countries of the FFA were involved in Operation Kurukuru 2013. The aircraft flew a total of 71hours and together with the patrol boats covered an area of 1,130,000 sq. nautical miles surveying the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of many of the Pacific Island Countries as well as adjacent high seas areas.
“As in previous years, we continue to rely on the Monitoring, Control and Surveillance efforts by individual FFA member countries in committing their resources to Kurukuru and sub-regional exercises,” says FFA Director-General James Movick.
“Air and sea support from Australia, France, New Zealand and the US provide a multi-million dollar essential backup to the surveillance operation that substantially increases our capacity to protect fisheries resources and complement very well the time and resources our own nations are prepared to put in.”
All FFA-member countries can access an FFA edited, web-based Regional Surveillance Picture via a secure log-in. It contains fishing vessel contacts, satellite data, surveillance flight plans and vessel patrol plans and indicators highlighting vessels of interest across the whole western and central Pacific region. This equips national headquarters with information and data to determine where best to send their patrol boats to; or where FFA-RFSC can provide backup aerial and surface surveillance support during the operations exercise.
Over time, information provided by FFA-RFSC in helping countries identify suspicious activities or vessels in their waters has vastly improved – but a key challenge is ensuring countries are able to make the most of the information provided and play their role in helping build the regional surveillance picture.
“We thank all those whose active participation and commitment in these exercises make it possible for us to send the strong message to vessels fishing in Pacific waters that they must adhere to their license rules,” says Movick. He noted the standout participation of smaller island FFA members such as Tuvalu in Kurukuru 2013; and the higher numbers of inspections in national ports during this year’s operation.
While the operation winds down today and tomorrow across the dateline, some patrol vessels already at sea will continue with their patrol plans before returning to their headquarters next week.
Kurukuru 2013 covered an area of approximately 30 million square kilometres - including the EEZs of Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, PNG, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Fisheries surveillance and enforcement staff from all of these countries worked together with their Quadrilateral Defence Cooperation counterparts from Australia, New Zealand, France and the United States over the two weeks of round the clock surveillance, data analysis, reporting and information-sharing. Australian Fisheries Management Authority and NZ National Maritime Coordination Centre also provided analysts to aid the operation in the Surveillance centre and ship-riders to work with Marshall Islands and Solomon Islands patrol boats.
Since its inception Operation Kurukuru has been planned, hosted and coordinated by the Pacific Island Forum Fisheries Agency Regional Fisheries Surveillance Centre (FFA-RFSC) at FFA HQ in Honiara, Solomon Islands.
Highlights of Operation Kurukuru 2013 include:
The establishment of a regional Analysis cell within the FFA-RFSC, to capture, analyse, process and disseminate vital intelligence to aid national HQs in better targeting;
The use of military reporting protocol to allow for accurate and timely delivery of the Regional Surveillance Picture to Defence HQs, aircraft and ships, and the return delivery of contacts back to the FFA-RFSC;
The performance of Tuvalu national HQ and their Patrol Boat TE MATAILI, who boarded every vessel within their 200NM Exclusive Economic Zone and met every reporting target, keeping the FFA-RFSC fully informed. –ENDS
ABOUT FFA:
The Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) strengthens national capacity and regional solidarity so its 17 members can manage, control and develop their tuna fisheries now and in the future. Based in Honiara, Solomon Islands, FFA's 17 Pacific Island members are Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Since 1979, FFA has facilitated regional cooperation so that all Pacific countries benefit from the sustainable use of tuna – a multi-billion dollar resource important for many people’s livelihoods in the Pacific.
ABOUT REGIONAL SURVEILLANCE OPERATIONS:
In support of national and bilateral patrolling of vessels in Pacific waters, Operation Kurukuru is the largest of four major operations planned and run from the FFA Regional Fisheries Surveillance Centre each year, to help protect the region’s most precious commodity from poachers and illegal activities. All surveillance operations are planned and coordinated months in advance by a high-level team leader, Royal Australian Navy Commander Mike Pounder. The FFA-RSFC provides support 24 hours, seven days a week to FFA members’ national headquarters and the Australian, New Zealand, French and US surveillance headquarters to work collaboratively against Illegal unreported and unregulated fishing activities.
