太平洋島サミットと日本の原発政策（2）参考資料2 1994－1998
TWENTY-FIFTH SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM
Brisbane, Australia
31 July - 2 August 1994
28. Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes: The Forum in noting the recent decision of the parties to the Basel Convention to Ban all exports of Hazardous Wastes from OECD to non OECD countries welcomed the progress made in the negotiation of a Convention to banthe importation into Forum Island Countries of hazardous wastes and to control their transboundary movement and management within the South Pacific region. The Forum directed officials to make every effort to ensure that the Convention would be completed in time for signature at the 26th South Pacific Forum. The Forum encouraged members to become involved in these negotiations and endorsed the recommendation that SPREP act as the Secretariat under the Convention.
29. It welcomed the ban on the dumping of radioactive wastes at sea adopted by all but one party to the London Convention in November 1993. It expressed concern at the possibility of continued dumping of radioactive wastes in the North Pacific by Russia. It restated the importance of an enhanced international regime to cover possible trans- boundary damage arising from peaceful nuclear activity. It reiterated its concerns at the risks inherent in shipments of radioactive materials by Japan, and its expectation that such shipments would be made in accordance with the highest international safety and security standards and in a manner which satisfactorily addressed all possible contingencies.
TWENTY-SIXTH SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM
Madang, Papua New Guinea
13 - 15 September 1995
Other Nuclear Issues
38. The Forum expressed continuing concern about shipments of plutonium and radioactive wastes through the region. It noted with appreciation the cooperation of Japan in responding to the Forum’s concerns by the provision of information on, and consultation about, the shipments. It reiterated, however, the expectation that such shipments should be carried out in accordance with the highest international safety and security standards, in a manner which satisfactorily addressed all possible contingencies, and in full consultation with Forum countries.
TWENTY-SEVENTH SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM
Majuro, Republic of Marshall Islands
3 - 5 September 1996
Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes
23. The Forum reiterated the importance of the Waigani Convention on Hazardous Wastes which it had adopted in 1995. It urged all members which had not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Convention expeditiously, in order to bring it into effect as soon as possible.
24. The Forum agreed that shipments of plutonium and radioactive wastes through the region posed a continuing concern. It reiterated the expectation that such shipments should be carried out in accordance with the highest international safety and security standards, in a manner which satisfactorily addressed all possible contingencies, and in full consultation with Forum countries. In this regard, it appreciated the cooperation of Japan in responding to Forum concerns by provision of information on, and consultation about, its shipments.
25. The Forum noted with concern that, despite the long-standing regional opposition to the use of the Pacific as a dumping ground for others’ wastes, and the adoption of the Waigani Convention, new proposals for creating storage sites for nuclear wastes in the region were emerging. It was particularly concerned at the recent revival of a proposal to create such a site on Palmyra Atoll, although encouraged that the US administration had opposed the proposal.
26. The Forum recalled that in 1979, when a proposal to develop a storage site for spent nuclear fuel on Palmyra had first been made, it had expressed its strong opposition.The Forum reiterated its 1979 position, strongly opposing any move to use the Pacific as a dumping ground for nuclear waste. In that regard it will seek to ensure a firm commitment by the United States that the proposal for Palmyra Atoll will not be implemented.
27. The Forum again reaffirmed the existence of a special responsibility toward those peoples of the former United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United States, the Marshall Islands, who had been adversely affected as a result of nuclear weapon tests conducted during the period of the Trusteeship. This responsibility included safe resettlement of displaced human populations and the restoration to economic productivity of affected areas.
28. The Forum again expressed the region’s continuing concerns about the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Destruction System (JACADS), It noted the commencement of operations of a major chemical agent disposal facility in Tooele, Utah, and reiterated its position that JACADS should be permanently closed when the current programme of chemical weapons and agent destruction was completed.
TWENTY-EIGHTH SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM
Rarotonga, Cook Islands
17 - 19 September 1997
Radioactive Waste Shipments and Accident Liability
32. The Forum agreed that shipments of plutonium and radioactive wastes through the region posed a continuing concern and agreed to adopt a consistent position on the issue, taking into account the risks of an accident occurring and the consequences of such an accident. It reiterated the expectation that such shipments should be carried out in a manner which addressed all possible contingencies and the concerns of relevant countries. The Forum expected that shipments would be made only if the cargo is of demonstrably minimal risk, ships are of the highest standard and shipping states agree to promote the safety of the material and provide compensation for any industries harmed as a result of changes in the market value of the region's fisheries and tourism products in the event of an accident.
33. In this regard, the Forum noted the efforts of Japan, France and the United Kingdom in providing information about the recent shipment of high level wastes and expressed the hope that this would be continued.
34. The Forum noted the adoption of the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, and in particular, its provisions for a dedicated transboundary fund for the victims of transboundary damage and giving coastal states jurisdiction over actions concerning nuclear damage in their Exclusive Economic Zones.
TWENTY-NINTH SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM
Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
24 - 25 August 1998
Shipment of Radioactive Wastes
38. The Forum reiterated its position that shipments of plutonium and radioactive wastes through the region posed a continuing concern and agreed to adopt a consistent position on the issue, taking into account the risks of an accident occurring and the consequences of such an accident. It reiterated the expectation that such shipments should be carried out in a manner which addressed all possible contingencies and the concerns of relevant countries, including coastal states of the region. The Forum expected thatshipments would be made only if the cargo is of demonstrably minimal risk, ships are of the highest standard and shipping states agree to promote the safety of the material and provide compensation for any industries harmed as a result of changes in the market value of the region's fisheries and tourism products in the event of an accident.
39. In this regard, the Forum noted the efforts of Japan, France and the United Kingdom in providing information about recent shipment of high level wastes and expressed the hope that this would be continued.
40. Leaders agreed to pursue discussions with France, Japan and the United Kingdom on the current liability regime for compensating the region for economic losses caused to tourism, fisheries and other affected industries as a result of an accident involving a shipment of radioactive materials, even if there is no actual environmental damage caused. After an assessment is made on the adequacy of such a regime, the Forum will consider strategies for ensuring that an adequate and comprehensive compensation scheme is put in place.
41. The Forum further agreed that members, through the Forum Secretariat, pursue in the relevant international agencies a strong regime of prior notification to, and consultation with, coastal states on planned shipments of hazardous wastes, the development of a regime for the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements and Emergency Response Plans.
