やしの実通信 by Dr Rieko Hayakawa

太平洋を渡り歩いて35年。島と海を国際政治、開発、海洋法の視点で見ていきます。

トランプ政権:遺跡保護法見直しと太平洋の海洋保護区

トランプ政権の遺跡保護法をめぐる動き。

ジンク内務省長官からトランプ大統領宛てに20ページのメモランダムが発信された。

現在200海里まで保護区にしている太平洋にある米領島嶼のことも含まれているので重要だ。これも海洋法上疑義があるはず、なのだ。この事は知り合いの共和党議員に伝えてある。

ジンク長官は水産業を重視し、縮小することを提案。

なお、今年4月に大統領令として調査が開始された本件に寄せられた280万件のパブコメの内260万件がNGOのキャンペーンの一環で個人の声は少数とのこと。ジンク長官のメモには、NGOが巨大な資金を背景に地元の声をかき消していることを批判している。

まさにPEWがパラオで行ったことがこれである。

このNGOすなわちPewと海洋保護区拡大を推進していたのがオバマ政権で、ケリー長官が先頭に立って進めたOur Oceanという会議。これにデカプリオもパラオの大統領も参加した。

Final Report Summary Findings of the Review of Designations Under the Antiquities Act

https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/revised_final_report.pdf

このメモランダムに日付がないのだが、ナショジェオの記事には今月はじめとある。

Fishery Managers Seek to Gut Pacific Marine Monuments

https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/12/Pacific-marine-monuments-fishing-Trump-environment/

下記にジンク長官のメモから太平洋島嶼と米領サモアのローズ環礁の部分を書き出しておく。

Pacific Remote Islands

• The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (PRIMNM) was established by Presidential Proclamation No. 8336 on January 6, 2009, and expanded by Presidential Proclamation No. 9173 on September 2014. It spans approximately 313,941,851 acres.

• PRIMNM is managed through the DOI U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System and the DOC National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

• The original PRIMNM boundary is comprised of rectangular areas that extend approximately 50 nautical miles (nm) from the mean low water lines ofHowland, Baker and Jarvis Islands; Johnston, Wake and Palmyra Atolls; and Kingman Reef. The expansion extends the boundary from the 50 nm boundary to the 200 mile seaward limit ofthe U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone around Jarvis Island and Johnston and Wake Atolls.

• The primary purpose of the designation was to protect the coral reef and associated species surrounding these islands.

• Commercial fishing is prohibited within PRIMNM.

• Prior to monument designation, there were Hawaiian and American Samoan longliners

and purse seiners vessels operating. Indirect benefits ofthe purse seine fishery are important to the economy of American Samoa, which is heavily dependent on these vessels. American Samoa is under the jurisdiction of DOI.

Recommendation

• Proclamation No. 9173 should be amended or the expanded boundary be revised, through the use of appropriate authority, including lawful exercise of your discretion granted by the Act, to ensure compliance with the provisions and intent ofthe Act while also allowing the regional fishery management council to make fishery-management decisions for fishing in the expansion area as authorized by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act.

Rose Atoll

• Rose Atoll Marine National Monument (RAMNM) was established on January 6, 2009, by Presidential Proclamation No. 8337.

• The RAMNM extends out approximately 50 nm from the mean low water line of Rose Atoll and encompasses 8,609,045 acres of emergent and submerged lands and waters of and around Rose Atoll.

• The RAMNM was established to protect the reef ecosystem, which is home to diverse terrestrial and marine species.

• Rose Atoll is also designated as a National Wildlife Refuge, established on July 5, 1973, by cooperative agreement between the Government of American Samoa and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

• Commercial fishing is prohibited in RAMNM.

• Fishing in American Samoa is a mixture of commercial, subsistence, traditional, and sport fishing. American Samoa's economy is heavily dependent on can tuna fish production, and many monument designations have contributed to ongoing threats to the viability of the industry.

• Prior to 2002, the waters that were included in RAMNM and adjoining areas closer to the main islands were important commercial fishing areas.

Recommendation:

• The Proclamation should be amended or the boundary be revised, through the use of appropriate authority, including lawful exercise ofyour discretion granted by the Act, to ensure compliance with the provisions and intent of the Act while also allowing the regional fishery management council to make fishery-management decisions as authorized by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act.

Specific monument modification measures will be submitted separately should you concur with the monument modification recommendations in this Final Report.

関連の記事はたくさん出ているが 12月5日ガーディアンの記事が面白い。

ジンク長官のパタゴアニア批判が興味深い。アウトドア製造会社、パタゴニアはトランプ政権を批判してるが、パタゴニア自身が中国で生産し、お金を海外に隠している、と。

その通りだと思う。PEWもデカプリオも「金」だもの。 

Ryan Zinke recommends Trump shrink two more US national monuments

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/dec/05/ryan-zinke-national-monuments-cascade-siskiyou-gold-butte?CMP=share_btn_fb