変人が語る自由連合協定はもう少し勉強してからまとめさせていただこうと思いますが、まずは米国がミクロネシア３国と締結している「自由連合」は、ニュージーランドが国連に提案し、dcolonizationの３つの選択の一つとなった「自由連合」と全くもって正反対の性格である、ということです。
簡単に言えば、自由連合は旧宗主国、もしくは旧信託統治国が、規模が小さすぎでとても独立できそうにないけど、民族自決の権利を守りたいと思う地域に経済的社会的支援を約束し、自治権を与えるものです。一見、実に寛大な対応です。外交、防衛は要請があれば支援する、という内容です。
これに対し、米国とミクロネシア３国の取り決めは米国の安全保障を守るためにミクロネシア３国の安全保障を管理させろ、その代わりに経済援助や米国内への移動を認めてやる、という情け容赦ない内容なのです。
国連の基準に全く反しています。
最近は米国内の財政難を理由にミクロネシアの人々の移動を規制する動きが出て来ています。そういうことなら自由連合協定を止める、と言ったFSM国会議員の主張は至極当然に思います。
では米国がミクロネシア３国のための安全保障に責任を持たないのか、というと全くそうでもなく、自由連合協定の関連合意内容に米国沿岸警備隊がミクロネシア連邦の海難救助を支援する（文章には相互に支援する事になっているが、ミクロネシアが米国を支援するような事があるのでしょうか？）合意文章があります。
いったいこのagreementがどれだけ守られていたのか、効力があったのか検証する必要があると考えるものの、合意内容は短い文章でこれい以上まとめようもなくそのまま下記に転載させていただきます。
The Federated States of Micronesia Department of External Affairs and the United States Coast Guard of the United States of America, rec- ognizing the great importance of cooperation in maritime search and rescue and of the provision of expeditious and effective search and rescue services, have agreed as follows:
1. Either party, on receiving information of any person in distress at sea within its regions of responsibility, shall take urgent measures to pro- vide the most appropriate assistance available regardless of the national- ity or status of such a person or the circumstances in which that person is found.
2. The parties, in conducting their search and rescue operations, undertake to cooperate with each other to the extent necessary for the purpose of coordinating and conducting such search and rescue opera- tions, and shall assist each other as their capabilities allow.
3. For any search and rescue operation involving both parties, the parties shall agree, through consultation, in each case which party will have primary responsibility for coordinating the search and rescue oper- ations.
4. Entry of search and rescue units into the territorial seas Of the other party for the purpose of conducting search and rescue operations will be expeditiously arranged via the appropriate search and rescue point of contact in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
5. In accordance with customary international law, solely for the pur- pose of rendering emergency assistance to persons, vessels, or aircraft in danger or distress from perils of the sea, when the location is reason- ably well known, search and rescue units of either party may immediately enter the territorial seas of the other party, with notification of such entry made as soon as practicable.
6. To facilitate the coordination and conduct of search and rescue referred to in this Article, the parties shall keep each other fully and promptly apprised of all relevant search and rescue operations and shall develop appropriate procedures to provide for the fastest and most effective means of communication.
1. The search and rescue point of contact for the United States Coast Guard is the Rescue Coordination Center Honolulu. The United States Coast Guard Marianas Section should also receive copies of all mes- sages.
2. The parties undertake to report to each other on maritime search and rescue cases of common interest when necessary or appropriate.
3. The parties undertake to keep each other informed in a timely and effective manner on search and rescue cases Of mutual interest, or on cases which could potentially involve the other party.
4. The parties agree to exchange information, in addition to that related to specific search and rescue cases, that may serve to improve the effectiveness of maritime search and rescue operations. Such informa- tion may include, but need not be limited to, identification of potential search and rescue units (including locations and capabilities), descrip- tion of available air fields and medical and fueling facilities, information useful in training search and rescue personnel, etc.
The parties, to promote mutual cooperation in maritime search and rescue, will give due consideration to collaborative efforts, including but not limited to:
(A) Mutual visits between search and rescue personnel;
(B) Conduct of joint exercises of search and rescue operations, and of training in search and rescue services;
(C) Use of ship reporting systems for search and rescue;
(D) Development of search and rescue procedures, techniques, equipment, and facilities; and
(E) Provision of services in support of search and rescue opera- tions such as use of aircraft landing fields, and fueling or medical facil- ivies.
1. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect in any way rights and obliga- tions resulting from international agreements pertaining to either party and rights and obligations of Customary international law.
2. The parties will implement this Agreement in accordance with international law and their respective laws and regulations.
1. Specific obligations of the parties to this Agreement are contingent upon the availability of search and rescue personnel, facilities, and fund- ing. However, the inability of a party to meet any specific obligation by reason of such nonavailability shall not affect other obligations of that party under the Agreement.
2. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, each party is obligated to fund the expenses for search and rescue operations or activities con- ducted by itself under this Agreement, and neither party shall be obli- gated to reimburse the other. Article VI 1. This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of signature. 2. This Agreement shall be terminated on the date of expiration of six months after written notice by either party of its intention to terminate this Agreement to the other, or on the date of the entry into force of a superseding Agreement.
3. Termination as referred to in paragraph 2 shall not affect the mar- itime search and rescue operations which have been termination as referred to in paragraph 2 unless otherwise agreed to by the parties.
4. This Agreement may be amended by written Agreement between the parties.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE at Honolulu, Hawaii, in duplicate, this 10th day of June, 1988, in the English language.
For the Federated States of Micronesia Department of External Affairs
For the United States Coast Guard
"compilation of agreements between the government of the federated states of micronesia
and the government of the united states related to the compact of free association
Compiled and indexed by Joint Committee on Compact Economic Negotiations (JCN) Washington Office January 2002"
